The Rashtrapati Niwas in Mashobra is making headlines as it gears up to host an exclusive Winter Fest on December 7, 2024. This landmark event, under the aegis of the President of India, celebrates the rich cultural heritage of Himachal Pradesh and highlights the growing significance of this 174-year-old heritage icon. Since its public opening in April 2023, the estate has attracted over 1.1 lakh visitors, transforming into a vibrant cultural hub.
Historical Overview
Rashtrapati Niwas, previously known as "The Retreat Building," stands as a testament to history, culture, and architectural brilliance. This 174-year-old heritage icon, now serving as the summer retreat of the President of India, has witnessed a fascinating evolution, reflecting India's colonial legacy and post-independence transformation.
Origins and Early Years
The building was initially constructed in the mid-19th century by the then Medical Superintendent of Simla. The property was later leased by Lord William Hay, who served as the Commissioner of Simla. During this period, the local populace affectionately referred to it as "Larty Sahib Ki Kothi", a nod to Lord William Hay’s nickname, “Larty Sahib.”
The lease deed signed with the Raja of Koti, the estate's original owner, stipulated several unique conditions aimed at preserving the property’s integrity and respecting local customs. These conditions included:
- Maintaining public access to the roads connecting Simla and Mashobra.
- Prohibiting the felling of trees.
- Banning the slaughter of cattle within the estate grounds.
Changes in Ownership
The property changed hands multiple times over the decades:
- Sir William Mansfield, the then Commander-in-Chief, assumed the lease following Lord William Hay.
- Later, Sir Edward Buck leased the estate in 1881.
In 1896, the Raja of Koti exercised his right of preemption to reclaim ownership. However, shortly after, the property was consigned to the government on a permanent lease, ensuring its continued use for official purposes.
The Viceregal Retreat
The Earl of Elgin, Viceroy of India, was the first to use the estate as a viceregal residence. Recognizing its strategic location and serene environment, Lord Elgin ensured the estate became a regular retreat for future viceroys. The estate became synonymous with tranquility, serving as a venue for weekends, holidays, and informal governance.
Post-Independence Transformation
Following India’s independence in 1947, the estate underwent a significant transformation. In 1965, during the tenure of President Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the Rashtrapati Niwas was officially designated as the summer retreat for the President of India. This decision was made after its predecessor, the Viceregal Lodge, was handed over to the Indian Institute of Advanced Study (IIAS) in 1962.
Architectural Significance
Rashtrapati Niwas is a testament to colonial-era architecture. Its unique wooden structure with dhajji wall construction stands out as a marvel of design. Spanning 10,628 square feet, the building is surrounded by a sprawling 300-acre forest, including vibrant orchards, lush lawns, and serene walking trails.
The estate’s elevation—a thousand feet higher than the Shimla Ridge Top—offers breathtaking views of the Himalayas, making it a sought-after tourist destination.
Present-Day Significance
In April 2023, the estate was opened to the public for the first time, marking a new chapter in its history. Today, it serves as more than just a presidential retreat—it is a cultural hub, hosting events such as the Winter Fest 2024, which celebrates Himachal Pradesh’s heritage through music, dance, crafts, and cuisine.
Winter Fest 2024: A Celebration of Himachali Heritage
In a landmark initiative, Rashtrapati Niwas will host an exclusive Winter Fest on December 7, 2024. This one-day event is a celebration of Himachal Pradesh’s rich cultural heritage and includes:
- Performances by the Himachal Pradesh Orchestra Band, Harmony of Pines.
- Traditional group dances by local artists.
- A special singing performance by an Indian Idol participant.
- Stalls showcasing Himachali crafts and cuisine, offering visitors an immersive experience of the state’s traditions.
The festival exemplifies the estate's new role as a hub of cultural activity, inviting people to connect with India's diverse heritage in a majestic setting.
Visiting time
Visitors can explore the estate through guided tours, which are available daily except Mondays and public holidays. Bookings can be made online or at the reception, and tours run from 10:00 AM to 6:00 PM, with the last entry at 5:00 PM.
As one of four official presidential residences—alongside Rashtrapati Bhavan in New Delhi, Rashtrapati Ashiana in Dehradun, and Rashtrapati Nilayam in Hyderabad—Rashtrapati Niwas holds a special place in India’s cultural and historical narrative.
Its journey from a viceregal retreat to a public cultural landmark reflects India's evolution and underscores the importance of preserving heritage for future generations.
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