The Trans-Giri area in Himachal Pradesh refers to a region within the Sirmaur district, primarily encompassing the Shillai, Sangrah, Kamrau, and Rajgarh tehsils. This area is predominantly inhabited by the Hatti community, often called "Trans-Giri" due to their location near the Giri River, which significantly shapes their socio-cultural landscape.
The harsh winters of this region are marked by a unique and ingenious tradition among its rural communities, which ensures the survival of their livestock—a cornerstone of their economy and culture. Bundles of grass, locally known as ‘luth,’ hanging from trees are a common sight during winter months, standing as a testament to the hard work and foresight of these resilient communities.
The Tradition of Grass Preservation
In preparation for the unforgiving winters, villagers in the hilly areas of the Trans-Giri region begin collecting grass for their livestock during the months of Kartik and Ashwin. This green, long grass is carefully harvested, dried, and stored to be used as fodder during the colder months when access to fresh vegetation becomes challenging due to freezing temperatures and snowfall. The bundles, called ‘luth,’ are stored either by hanging them from trees or stacking them in specific structures near their homes.
Importance of Grass Preservation
The preservation of grass is a critical practice for the survival of livestock in the Trans-Giri region, as these animals are integral to the local economy, providing milk, manure, and labor for agricultural activities. During winter, when outdoor mobility is restricted, this stored grass ensures that cattle remain well-fed and healthy, safeguarding the livelihoods of rural households. Additionally, firewood is collected during the same period to meet the heating and cooking needs of the villagers.
Grass Harvesting and Storage Process
The process begins with the cutting of grass using traditional tools like ‘daachis’ (a type of sickle). Women, who play a pivotal role in this practice, meticulously dry the grass to prevent spoilage. The harvested grass is divided into smaller bundles called ‘pule,’ which are later combined to form larger bundles known as ‘bhara.’ On average, 10-15 ‘pule’ are needed to create one ‘bhara.’
To store the grass securely, a thick wooden stake is driven into the ground, and the bundles are arranged around it in a circular manner, forming tall, stack-like structures. Alternatively, the ‘luth’ are suspended from trees to protect them from moisture and pests.
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The Role of Women in Grass Preservation
Women are the primary custodians of this tradition, contributing significantly to the collection, drying, and storage of grass. Their efforts ensure that the fodder is adequately rationed to last through the winter months. This practice not only underscores their indispensable role in rural life but also highlights the communal nature of this age-old tradition.
Sustainable and Adaptive Practices
The tradition of grass preservation showcases the ingenuity of rural communities in adapting to harsh climatic conditions. It reflects a sustainable lifestyle where resources are judiciously used and conserved. The meticulous planning and execution of this practice demonstrate a deep understanding of the local environment and its challenges.
Broader Implications
The health and productivity of livestock directly impact the agricultural activities of the region. By ensuring a steady supply of fodder during winter, the practice supports the overall well-being of the community. Moreover, this tradition serves as a valuable lesson in sustainability and resilience, offering insights into how traditional knowledge can address modern challenges.
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